The Joint Newsletter of
The Seattle Area Chapters of
The National Space Society
NSS Seattle
And
The Mars Society Puget Sound
»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»» December 1999 «««««««««««««««««««««
Volume 1, Issue VII
Contents:
MarsFest '99 a Success!
MarsFest was a success for those participating, not so for the mission (see JPL mission status report).
We arrived at the Museum of Flight at 8:30 and began hauling our displays in. Jake Schultz (of the Museum staff) arranged for this event with Chris Vancil (Vice President, NSS Seattle). He was on site to show us where to set up and help out in any way he could.
Chris had talked to UW Professor James E. Tillman and arranged to borrow some test pieces from the Viking missions and other items. We had the dish antenna, weather mast, and one "black box" controller from Viking, and an excellent long poster of the "many sojourners" Pathfinder panorama. We would like to thank Professor Tillman for the use of his stuff.
Our standard display setup was changed into a triangle by Chris so that he could put one full face with Mars Polar Lander computer mission images and data sheets. He also made an excellent 'MarsFest!' banner with images in the letters (see photos online at the Mars Society MarsFest page). We had a signup sheet and plenty of handouts for the National Space Society, The Mars Society, and The Planetary Society.
When the Museum opened at 10:00, we had most of the display up, and had people lined up an talking to us already. The William H. Allen Theater was opened up and ran NASA TV coverage of the mission (from JPL). There were some preliminary sound problems, but these were fixed shortly. At the time of the landing, the theatre was packed with people standing in the back. Jake had to open up a side room for the overflow! There were many children there with school field trips, several of which are running special projects on Mars right now!
We haven't received exact numbers yet, but it looks like we added to the Museums normal flow by at least ¼ (probably more) for a weekday. Thanks also to The Planetary Society for sending out a letter to all of their local members with information on our local event. I talked to several people who only came due to the letter. The Museum of Flight also sent out notification and much of the school interest may have come from this. So, thanks to the MoF also.
Of course on sad note, the Mars Polar Lander wasn't heard from while we were there (and not since). The crowds dissipated after the failures to communicate twice, from 12:29 to 2:08PM. People were still stopping by and asking about it until we left at 4:00PM.
Thanks to those who participated from Mars Society Puget Sound, and NSS Seattle:
Chris Vancil – Organizer and idea man of this event, setup, primary dialog museum visitors
David Stuart – Brochure manager and setup, dialog
Jim Burk – Chief Theater watcher
V. Mark Tye – Setup and for MSPS and TPS
Dean Callahan – Setup and dialogue at MSPS and NSS table
Curtis Snow – dialog at MSPS and NSS table
Randy Rumley – Setup, photography, dialog.
Prof. James E. Tillman – dialog about NetLander missions (European), Viking, Pathfinder stuff
Randy J. Rumley Editor
P.S. Chris Vancil and I were interviewed by the Seattle Times by their science reporter. The quotes used from each weren't what we were really discussing with him, but at least we were in the paper and on the science page (Saturday the 4th). Ask Chris or myself if you would like to see the article.
NSS SEATTLE Proceedings
The National Space Society is an international
membership group
dedicated to furthering the exploration and development of space.
The Seattle
chapter mission is to facilitate Space Activism and all pro-Space
activities; and to provide
a gathering place for space enthusiasts to meet, exchange
information and ideas.
President:
Vince Creisler
vincelc@galaxy-7.net
Vice President: Chris Vancil
CLVANCIL@aol.com
Secretary/Editor:
Randy Rumley
rjrumley@juno.com
Treasurer:
David Stuart
DSTUART@prodigy.net
Special Projects Manager:
Christopher Erickson aster@wolfenet.com
----------Board of Directors---------
Kelly Caviezel Gary Harrison Christopher Erickson
Susan Harrison Toni Rusi
------------Advisors------------
Terry Burlison
Chapter meetings are held at 7:00 PM on the second Sunday of each month, at the
Museum of Flight; parking is available in the lot North of the museum. To receive
information regarding upcoming events please send your name and addresses
to: Randy Rumley; 12008 S.E. 223rd Drive Kent, WA 98031
so·journ(sņ jūrn), to stay for a time in a place; live temporarily.
President's Message
Like Space enthusiasts everywhere, I had been hoping for 1999 to end with positive achievements--a successful Mars mission, launch of the ISS Service Module, and a repair mission to the Hubble Telescope. Alas, not only have these missions faltered, but there have been yet more launch failures: another Russian Proton and even the Japanese H-2. What a dismal year in Space this has been, although I just heard a Ariane 5 launch has been successful.
Well, at least NSS Seattle is going strong. And this being my final President's Message, I just want to say how good it is to see the recent growth of the Space Movement in Seattle. In addition to NSS Seattle, we now have a Mars Society chapter and had recent Space Frontier Foundation and Planetary Society events here at the Museum of Flight. What a change from four years ago, when NSS Seattle was just forming.
I can now step down as NSS Seattle President, confident that the Space Movement is here to stay in Western Washington. I'm glad to have played a role, grateful to all who helped, and impressed by those whose efforts also contributed to this renaissance of Space enthusiasm in our region. I hope to see you all in the future as I attend NSS meetings and local events as a regular chapter member.
Vince Creisler
President NSS Seattle
November 12, 1999 Meeting
Last month David Gump, President of LunaCorp, discussed with us company's projects. These include an unmanned lunar rover mission to explore the southern polar region of the moon to look for Ice. This project is called the Lunar Icebreaker.
This meeting is showing today (Dec. 12, 1999) at 7:00PM on TCI 29/77 cable access. Next month there will be an encore presentation of a previous speaker
December 12, 1999 Meeting
This month we have no scheduled speaker. We will be conducting some business though.
We need to confirm the election of officers and board members. Looks like we will have a new president for 2000. We will also be discussing upcoming events such as Rustycon and Norwescon. We have participated in the past at these two. It will be nice to do them again, but we have to start planning now. Rustycon is in January!
Randy J. Rumley
Elections for National Space Society Seattle Chapter are today. So far we have no opposed seats.
Sometimes the delete key is your best friend.
Steve Martin
Mars Society Puget Sound Proceedings
Officers of Mars Society Puget Sound
Jim Burk, President
Dustin Green, Vice President
V Mark Tye, Secretary
David Stuart, Treasurer
Randy Rumley, Editor, Sojourner
Mars Polar Lander Mission Status
Flight controllers for Mars Polar Lander continued their attempts to communicate with the spacecraft December 9th and 10th so that they can be certain they have exhausted all possibilities before they conclude their search. While a recovery is still a possibility, the likelihood of hearing from the lander is considered remote at this point.
On the 9th at about 2:45 a.m. PST, the team sent commands to begin a lengthy "big sweep" during which the lander uses its steerable medium-gain antenna to scan across the sky. Presumably, it would eventually scan across the area where Earth is and its carrier wave signal would be heard by the Deep Space Network.
Other communication attempts took place on the 10th at 3:00 and 6:00 p.m. PST with the 46-meter (about 150-foot) antenna at Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., which listened for a signal from the lander's UHF antenna. An earlier attempt by Stanford that had been scheduled for Tuesday was postponed when the Stanford antenna experienced mechanical problems.
The "big sweep" concluded on the 10th. Engineers then began a process of sending commands to the spacecraft to switch to back-up hardware and will then repeat some of the communications attempts they have already tried.
Mission planners are also working to implement a plan to use Mars Global Surveyor to take pictures of the landing site for Mars Polar Lander starting sometime next week in hopes of spotting the spacecraft or parachute.
Review boards will be set up within JPL and at NASA to study the cause of the apparent loss and explore ways to prevent a recurrence.
Mars Polar Lander is part of a series of missions in a long-term program of Mars exploration managed by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. JPL's industrial partner is Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
.
STS 103A, Hubble repair mission
We have some astronauts going up soon (hopefully on the 16th) to do some repairs and upgrades to the Hubble Space Telescope. Among the crew is Michael Foale. You might remember him from his 4 month stay on MIR. He was there when an errant Progress module hammered Spektr. They have a full crew this time (7), and it looks like they have their work cut out. The crew are as follows: Commander: Curtis L. Brown, Pilot: Scott J. Kelly, and Mission Specialists: Steven C. Smith, Michael Foale, John M. Grunsfeld, Claude Nicollier, Jean-Francois Clervoy.
The following is from the NASA Human Space Flight site, http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/ Very ambitious this time, there will probably be 4 EVAs. They will be replacing the tape recorder system with a digital storage system with no moving parts. The computer is being upgraded to a (Intel) 486-based system (I'm not sure what it has now). Of course the gyros are all being replaced first, since they are the current major problem with HST. Also the fine guidance sensor will be replaced, and upgrades to the battery system will be performed. The last large task will be to reinforce and replace HSTs thermal protection. The last EVA will be dedicated to this.
Hubble Extravehicular Activities (EVA) Timeline
The astronauts will perform four six-hour spacewalks to service Hubble. Each of the EVA servicing periods is an EVA Day, although these "days" span two "Flight Days". For example, EVA Day 1 begins two days and 19 hours into the mission, and it ends in the second hour of the third mission day. The tasks are arranged in order of importance and efficiency. The spacewalkers will work in teams of two, with each pair going out on alternating days.
EVA Day 1
The first team will replace Hubble's three Rate Sensor Units (RSUs), each containing two gyros. They will also install Voltage/Temperature Improvement Kits (VIKs) on Hubble's six batteries.
2 Days, 18 Hours, 45 Minutes
EVA Day 2
The second team will replace the telescope's central computer and a Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS).
3 Days, 19 Hours
EVA Day 3
The first pair of spacewalkers goes out again to replace a transmitter and a data recorder, upgrade electronics, and begin reinforcing Hubble's thermal skin.
4 Days, 19 Hours
EVA Day 4
The second team returns to Hubble to finish attaching the new thermal protection.
5 Days, 19 Hours
INCLUDED WITH THIS ISSUE WAS "Mini Sojourner" from MarsFest '99
M I n I S O J O U R N E R
The Joint Newsletter of
The Seattle Area Chapters of
The National Space Society
And
The Mars Society
Mars Polar Lander Day
Special Edition
December 3, 1999
Today is the day that Mars gets its next visitor. The aliens are coming, and they are US!
For the first time, NASA and JPL will be putting a lander at high Latitude (near the South Pole). There, it will look for not just interesting rocks, but for WATER. The Mars Polar Lander has several ways of detecting evidence of water in the soil and air. This can be done various ways, from a Tunable Diode Laser on the Meterological Package (MET) to an onboard rock cooker (950°C TEGA). It will also be looking at the weather so near the pole. There are temperature and wind sensors in the upright mast, the ground contacting mast, and a mobile temperature sensor on the scoop arm. All previous weather measurements have been from equatorial regions. This time, we will see some different data.
What else does the MPL have? It has a similar camera system to the Pathfinder, which will be able to take color pictures and put together stereo images (remember the Red/Blue glasses?). The arm also has a camera meant for examining samples and looking for layering in the ditches and samples scooped out. As a first on any planetary body thus studied, MPL has an ordinary microphone to record snippets of sound. We probably won't hear E.T. phoning home, but sounds of winds are a distinct possibility.
One of the first images we will see will be images of the MPLs decent through the atmosphere. With luck, we will see a good picture of the pole and the landing site.
Also along for the ride to Mars will be two micro-probes called Deep Space 2. In this case, they should have been called deep dirt 1, for what they will be doing is plowing into the surface without any means of slowing down but a heat shield. Once impacted in the ground, they will send down probes to look for sub surface water at depths up to 2 meters. They will send back data to earth via the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor already in orbit. They are only expected to last about 50 hours before their batteries die.
The lander is expected to operate on the surface for 60 to 90 Martian days through the planet's southern summer (a Martian day is 24 hours, 37 minutes). The mission will continue until the spacecraft can no longer protect itself from the cold and dark of lengthening nights and the return of the Martian seasonal polar frosts.
These probes have recently been named after the first two explorers to reach the Earth's South Pole, Roald Anderson, and Robert F. Scott. (Better than Deep Space 2 by a long shot!)
Even though there is no rover this time, there will be plenty of excitement this trip. Enjoy the festivities.
Randy J. Rumley
(Editor)
What is going on with the local
Mars Society Chapter…
At the last meeting on Saturday November 20, 1999, at the Bellevue Regional Library (Room #4)
Seven members were in attendance including the four officers. Chris Vancil brought goodies (Mars Bars and KitKats).
Chris Vancil showed the new MarsFest banner and prints, which will be laminated in plastic and will make a colorful addition to our displays.
Jim Burk, President, lead an involved discussion about the myriad of things we need to do and have ready for MarsFest on Dec. 3, 1999. A special edition of Sojourner will be printed and brochures from both the Mars Society and the Planetary Society will be on hand. Those involved in MarsFest, to be held at the Museum of Flight, have their lists of equipment and displays to bring. We will meet at 8:30AM under the tail of Air Force One (east side of museum). We have a lot to do before the landing so be there early. Chris Vancil, who is coordinating the event, has notified most local news papers and several TV stations of the event.
Jim Burk distributed the Ares (CD-ROM magazine of The Mars Society) Beta-1 copies for testing and bug hunting. These have about 80% of the final content. The second beta copy will come out after Mars Polar Lander touch down (in one form or another) in early Dec. so that some of the latest pictures may be included. Imagineering of Vancouver, WA, is doing the art design work.
Dustin Green, Vice President, is now assistant editor for MarsNews.com and is handling most of the daily updates. MarsNews is moving to a Cyberteams server in the near future and there will be a two-step process for the changes and upgrades. Jim showed us the planed layout and some of the background processes needed to implement a modern web news service. There is a great need for both developers and reporters in this endeavor and I would encourage interested individuals to contact Jim Burk to see how they can help.
The President covered the likely incorporation of an Artemis (Moon oriented) Society chapter into the Seattle Mars Society. You will be hearing more about this touchy issue in the near future.
That's all for now. See you at MarsFest.
V. M. Tye, Secretary,MSPS
MarsFest '99
Seattle
December 3, 1999, the Mars Polar Lander will arrive at the Red Planet, carrying aboard it the Mars Microphone, MARDI the decent imager and LIDAR the first instrument package by Russia flown on a US built spacecraft!
To celebrate this new chapter in Mars exploration, the local Mars Society, National Space Society Chapters and members of The Planetary Society are holding MarsFest that same day with the Museum of Flight. The festivities will start at 10:00 AM and normal admission ($8 for adults) to the Museum is required.
The MarsFest will feature broadcasts about the mission from NASA Select TV in the William M. Allen Theater. There will also be special displays in the main lobby, in addition to the regular exhibits on display at the museum. Please join us at this special moment in history to celebrate the last spacecraft to land on Mars in this millennium.
The Seattle event will coincide with other events held around the world by Mars Society chapters and other participating organizations to promote public outreach and understanding about Mars and space exploration.
This event coincides with JPL/CalTech's Planetfest '99 in Pasadena, California (see http://planetary.org/news/Pfest99/factsheet.htm). The National Space Society has reserved a booth there to attract new members.
Mars Polar Lander Mission Status
December 2, 1999
Twenty-four hours before the Mars Polar Lander is scheduled to arrive at the South Pole of the red planet, flight controllers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., report that the spacecraft is making excellent progress as the team begins around-the-clock monitoring.
Mars Polar Lander is scheduled to land on Mars shortly after noon Pacific Time on Friday, December 3. The first signal should be received at 12:39 p.m. The entry, descent, and landing sequence are the most complex and challenging part of the mission.
Once the spacecraft is on the ground, a series of activities equally critical to the success of the mission will begin. If no communication is received from the lander at the first opportunity at 12:39 p.m., there are many other windows during which the controllers may hear from the spacecraft during the next few days. Several factors could potentially delay the first contact without preventing later communication and the execution of the full mission. "The team will meet at 2 a.m. Pacific time Friday morning to review flight path estimates, then at 5:30 a.m. we will make any final course corrections," said Dr. Sam Thurman, flight operations manager for the lander at JPL. "Right now it appears the atmospheric entry angle is just a little steeper than we wanted, but it's still in the sweet spot. We have the luxury of examining the terrain and making minor adjustments to reach the safest part of the target area that the science team has been able to identify."
During descent, the spacecraft will enter the Martian atmosphere traveling at 6.9 kilometers per second (15,400 miles per hour). Onboard accelerometers will sense when friction from the atmosphere causes the lander to begin to slow. From that time, it will be 5 minutes and 30 seconds until touchdown on the surface, during which time the spacecraft will experience G forces up to 12 times Earth's gravity and the temperature of the heat shield's exterior will rise to 1,650 C (3,000 degrees F).
"The powered descent phase is the biggest concern. The Martian atmosphere is not well known," said Thurman. "That's why we have focused most intensely on the design, testing, and verification of the powered descent and landing system. The key to minimizing risk is to build a lot of margin and robustness into the vehicle design."
The Deep Space 2 microprobes, which are piggybacking on the lander, will be jettisoned to the planet about 5 minutes before the lander enters the Martian atmosphere. Deep Space 2 Project Manager Sarah Gavit echoed Thurman's views, saying that a successful landing depends not only on how and where the probes enter the surface, but also the entry angle. "We used a variety of techniques, a lot of trial and error, and a rigorous test program, but the biggest risk is Mars itself," said Gavit. The goal of Deep Space 2 is to increase the efficiency and lower the costs of space science missions through new technologies. "All the new technologies on board make this a lot more risky than a typical spacecraft," said Gavit. "To make progress we need to be bold. That's what it's all about."
Mars Polar Lander is part of a series of missions in a long-term program of Mars exploration managed by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. JPL's industrial partner is Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
From: Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute Of Technology
National Aeronautics And Space Administration
Pessimism is only the name that men of weak nerves give to wisdom.
Mark Twain
A note from the local primary MarsFest organizer:
Last August MarsFest was conceived as a public out reach project for the Mars Society Puget Sound chapter. The year before we had been at the National Science Teachers Conference in November with real success. It was suggested that we wanted something to do about that time of year again this fall/winter. We knew other Mars Society Chapters were planning events around the December 3rd arrival of the Mars Polar Lander and that The Planetary Society would be doing Planetfest with Webcasts of major portions of their festival.
Why MarsFest? In Seattle we have several events near this time of year; Bookfest and Winterfest as well as the close ties we hoped to have with Planetfest. Still we want to highlight the Festival nature of the event and make it stand out from these other events, thus the capitalization of the "F" in Fest. I hope this will not be the first and last MarsFest... We have plans for an event next year and have a website that will announce future events at: http://www.marsfest.org/.
I hope you enjoy our little winter festival of Mars. Please look forward to more to come.
Chris Vancil
Mars Polar Lander Mission Status
December 2, 1999
Twenty-four hours before the Mars Polar Lander is scheduled to arrive at the South Pole of the red planet, flight controllers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., report that the spacecraft is making excellent progress as the team begins around-the-clock monitoring.
Mars Polar Lander is scheduled to land on Mars shortly after noon Pacific Time on Friday, December 3. The first signal should be received at 12:39 p.m. The entry, descent, and landing sequence are the most complex and challenging part of the mission.
Once the spacecraft is on the ground, a series of activities equally critical to the success of the mission will begin. If no communication is received from the lander at the first opportunity at 12:39 p.m., there are many other windows during which the controllers may hear from the spacecraft during the next few days. Several factors could potentially delay the first contact without preventing later communication and the execution of the full mission. "The team will meet at 2 a.m. Pacific time Friday morning to review flight path estimates, then at 5:30 a.m. we will make any final course corrections," said Dr. Sam Thurman, flight operations manager for the lander at JPL. "Right now it appears the atmospheric entry angle is just a little steeper than we wanted, but it's still in the sweet spot. We have the luxury of examining the terrain and making minor adjustments to reach the safest part of the target area that the science team has been able to identify."
During descent, the spacecraft will enter the Martian atmosphere traveling at 6.9 kilometers per second (15,400 miles per hour). Onboard accelerometers will sense when friction from the atmosphere causes the lander to begin to slow. From that time, it will be 5 minutes and 30 seconds until touchdown on the surface, during which time the spacecraft will experience G forces up to 12 times Earth's gravity and the temperature of the heat shield's exterior will rise to 1,650 C (3,000 degrees F).
"The powered descent phase is the biggest concern. The Martian atmosphere is not well known," said Thurman. "That's why we have focused most intensely on the design, testing, and verification of the powered descent and landing system. The key to minimizing risk is to build a lot of margin and robustness into the vehicle design."
The Deep Space 2 microprobes, which are piggybacking on the lander, will be jettisoned to the planet about 5 minutes before the lander enters the Martian atmosphere. Deep Space 2 Project Manager Sarah Gavit echoed Thurman's views, saying that a successful landing depends not only on how and where the probes enter the surface, but also the entry angle. "We used a variety of techniques, a lot of trial and error, and a rigorous test program, but the biggest risk is Mars itself," said Gavit. The goal of Deep Space 2 is to increase the efficiency and lower the costs of space science missions through new technologies. "All the new technologies on board make this a lot more risky than a typical spacecraft," said Gavit. "To make progress we need to be bold. That's what it's all about."
Mars Polar Lander is part of a series of missions in a long-term program of Mars exploration managed by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. JPL's industrial partner is Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
From: Jet Propulsion Laboratory
California Institute Of Technology
National Aeronautics And Space Administration
No new findings will ever be made if we rest content with the findings of the past. Besides, a man who follows someone else not only doesn't find anything, he is not even looking. "But surely you are going to walk in your predecessors' footsteps?" Yes indeed, I shall use the old road, but if I find a shorter and easier one I shall open it up. The men who pioneered the old routes are leaders, not our masters. Truth lies open to everyone. There has yet to be a monopoly of truth. And there is plenty of it left for future generations too.
Seneca (4 BC – AD 65)
What is happening with the local
National Space Society Chapter…
At the last meeting on November 12, 1999
David Gump, President of LunaCorp, discussed the company's projects for over an hour. These include an unmanned lunar rover mission to explore the southern polar region of the moon to look for Ice. This project is called the Lunar Icebreaker.
Here is a short Biography:
Mr. Gump has been president of LunaCorp since it was formed in 1989. The company is partnered with the Robotics Institute of Carnegie Mellon University to place a teleoperated rover on the Moon to confirm whether valuable water ice deposits can be found in the permanently dark craters of the lunar poles. This project is expected to be funded by a combination of sponsorships, television contracts, Web site exclusives and purchases of science data by NASA. David Gump, President, LunaCorp, 4350 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 900, Arlington, VA 22203, 703-841-9500, 703-841-9503 fax
We also discussed some upcoming projects, such as the joint Mars Society/NSS/Planetary Society -- MarsFest to coincide with the Mars Polar Lander's arrival at Mars. Some points on the recent Commercial Space Symposium were brought up. Several members attended (It was at the Museum the day before the meeting).
Coming up we have Rustycon and Norwescon. We have been participating in these science fiction conventions for 2 to 3 years and get fairly good response and the occational new member. We plan on going again this coming year.
The next meeting is on Sunday, December 12 at the Museum. This will be primarily a holiday get-together with some planning for future events and elections of chapter officers. Come on in and meet everyone.
Randy J. Rumley
Secretary, NSS Seattle
NSS Seattle President's Message
Help build a limitless future.
Do you want to help posterity live in a space-faring civilization, enjoying continuously improving quality of life in a society expanding on all frontiers? Join the National Space Society. The National Space Society is a non-profit organization open to citizens of all nations. The NSS promotes interest in space exploration, research, development and habitation. The NSS focuses its efforts on:
Lowering the cost of access to space.
Ensuring supportive government space policies and practices.
Fostering private space initiatives.
Current NSS officers include former Apollo astronaut Buzz Aldrin, scientist Robert Zubrin, and astronaut Charles Walker as President. Dues are $35.00 a year ($20.00 for students and seniors) including a subscription to the NSS Publication Ad Astra. Get connected by contacting the NSS at:
National Space Society
600 Pennsylvania Ave., S.E. Suite 201
Washington, DC 20003-4316
http://www.nss.org
Vince Creisler
President, NSS Seattle
Note:
We will welcome any articles, editorials, referrals, or new web sites from any Chapters member. Please let us know. If you have ideas for speakers and/or projects for the chapter, let any officer know by E-mail, or in person at a meeting. Thank you.
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